垃圾是(shi)人(ren)類日常生活和生產(chan)中產(chan)生的固體廢棄物，由于排出量大(da)，成分復雜多樣，且具有污染性、資源性和社會性，需要無害化、資源化、減量化和社會化處(chu)理，如不能妥善處(chu)理，就會污(wu)染環(huan)境，影響(xiang)環境衛生，浪費資源，破壞生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活安全，破壞社(she)會和諧(xie)。垃(la)圾處理就是要把(ba)垃(la)圾迅速(su)清(qing)除，并進行無害化處理，加以合理的(de)利用。當今(jin)廣泛應用的(de)垃圾處(chu)理方法是衛生填埋、高溫堆肥和焚燒。垃(la)圾(ji)處理的目(mu)的是(shi)無害化(hua)、資(zi)源化(hua)和減量化(hua)。

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垃圾處理(li)市場(chang)[利(li)用垃圾（生物(wu)質）生產木炭、焦油和煤氣]　基(ji)本(ben)上是先(xian)分類、再進行回收、然后處理(li)。處理(li)方法(fa)：的是填埋，但是效(xiao)果很慢、占地還廣、容易對(dui)地下水產生二次污染。還有就(jiu)是焚燒,但對(dui)空氣污染大、投資也大。

生活垃圾

垃圾處(chu)理菌

利用垃(la)圾生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)木(mu)(mu)炭(tan)(tan)、焦油(you)(you)(you)和(he)煤(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)將垃(la)圾中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)燃(ran)物(wu)(wu)（生(sheng)活污水(shui)處理的(de)污泥也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)）和(he)非(fei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)燃(ran)物(wu)(wu)利用液選分(fen)離(li)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)燃(ran)物(wu)(wu)進行干(gan)餾而得到木(mu)(mu)炭(tan)(tan)、焦油(you)(you)(you)和(he)煤(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)，不產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)二惡(e)英(ying)（毒王）。非(fei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)燃(ran)物(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)離(li)出(chu)玻(bo)璃、煤(mei)(mei)灰(hui)、磚(zhuan)、石(shi)頭和(he)廢舊(jiu)(jiu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，玻(bo)璃可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)回收利用，煤(mei)(mei)灰(hui)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用作(zuo)施肥，磚(zhuan)、石(shi)頭可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)用作(zuo)建筑材料(liao)，廢舊(jiu)(jiu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)經破碎、高溫(wen)熔化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，根據(ju)各種金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)熔點不同而分(fen)離(li)出(chu)不同的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)，從(cong)而達到循環(huan)利用。木(mu)(mu)炭(tan)(tan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)烷(wan)等(deng)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為煤(mei)(mei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。木(mu)(mu)炭(tan)(tan)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)液化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)汽油(you)(you)(you)、柴油(you)(you)(you)等(deng)油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為煤(mei)(mei)液化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)。煤(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)烷(wan)、微量的(de)一(yi)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳和(he)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳。利用變壓(ya)吸(xi)附可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)離(li)出(chu)氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)烷(wan)，氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)供(gong)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用發電(dian)(dian)，甲(jia)(jia)(jia)烷(wan)液化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)供(gong)其它用途（如(ru)打火機(ji)）。也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)利用燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)進行發電(dian)(dian)，還(huan)(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)利用煤(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)醇(chun)(chun)。焦油(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)酸(suan)液、木(mu)(mu)焦油(you)(you)(you)、木(mu)(mu)瀝青。利用蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾方式可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)將焦油(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)物(wu)(wu)質分(fen)出(chu)來，如(ru)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)醇(chun)(chun)等(deng)。還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)珍貴的(de)藥品(pin)原料(liao)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)上分(fen)離(li)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)裝置中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國均(jun)有(you)(you)。云(yun)維集團有(you)(you)干(gan)餾、煤(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、煤(mei)(mei)分(fen)離(li)裝置，開遠解化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)公司有(you)(you)煤(mei)(mei)液化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)裝置。東北吉林、湖南有(you)(you)廢舊(jiu)(jiu)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)回收裝置。一(yi)天處理4000t垃(la)圾，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)醇(chun)(chun)350t（煤(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)140萬(wan)m³發電(dian)(dian)280萬(wan)度） ，木(mu)(mu)酸(suan)液800t，木(mu)(mu)焦油(you)(you)(you)400t，木(mu)(mu)炭(tan)(tan)800t，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)發電(dian)(dian)160萬(wan)度。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)1t甲(jia)(jia)(jia)醇(chun)(chun)耗(hao)： 電(dian)(dian)840KWh，水(shui)8t，蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽1t，煤(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)3200m³。 發1KWh耗(hao)： 耗(hao)炭(tan)(tan)350~400g，水(shui)3kg。在城市(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，垃(la)圾作(zuo)為城市(shi)(shi)代(dai)謝的(de)產(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)曾經是(shi)(shi)(shi)城市(shi)(shi)發展的(de)負(fu)擔，世界上許多城市(shi)(shi)均(jun)有(you)(you)過垃(la)圾圍城的(de)局面。而如(ru)今，垃(la)圾被認為是(shi)(shi)(shi)開發潛(qian)力的(de)、枯竭的(de)“城市(shi)(shi)礦藏”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)“放錯地方的(de)資源”。這(zhe)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)對垃(la)圾認識的(de)深入和(he)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)城市(shi)(shi)發展的(de)必然要求。

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農田垃圾

我國是一個農業大國，耕地面積超過了18 億畝，每年有豐富的秸稈量產生。據調查，2009 年，全國農作物秸稈理論資源量為8.20億噸（風干，含水量為15%）。從品種上看，稻草約為2.05 億噸，占理論資源量的25%；麥秸為1.50 億噸，占18.3%；玉米秸為2.65 億噸，占32.3%；棉稈為2584 萬噸，占3.2%；油料作物秸稈（主要為油菜和花生）為3737 萬噸，占4.6%；豆類秸稈為2726 萬噸，占3.3%；薯類秸稈為2243 萬噸，占2.7%。如此巨量的生物質秸稈，由于沒有很好的技術來利用，仍大部分被廢棄與焚燒處理。不僅造成了令人痛心的資源浪費，也給環境（大氣、水質和土壤）的惡化帶來了不可低估的影響。現階段，世界各國都注重農林廢棄生物質（農作物秸稈）的綜合利用，尤其是北美和歐洲。利用途徑主要集中在能源、飼料和肥料三個方面。我國亦很重視，不遺余力地支持和推廣秸稈的綜合開發利用。在2006 年的一號文件中就要求重點推廣農業發展廢棄物綜合利用技術，*一項的財政投入就達上億元。然而由于政策不完善，研發水平低下，一些關鍵性技術難以突破，收效甚微，2001年的數字提到每年有約四億噸秸稈被廢棄 

被粗(cu)放利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)秸(jie)稈大部分(fen)(fen)只用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)燒火(huo)做(zuo)飯、飼養牲(sheng)畜、蓋棚、取暖與(yu)肥田等(deng)。雖(sui)然，我國農(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)結構已發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，但薪柴、秸(jie)稈等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質仍占消費總能(neng)(neng)量(liang)的(de)(de)50%以(yi)上，是(shi)農(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活中的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)能(neng)(neng)源。然而(er)，受到現階段生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質收集(ji)手段、運(yun)輸(shu)方式(shi)和高(gao)效轉化(hua)與(yu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水平等(deng)技術瓶頸困擾，2013年的(de)(de)今天主(zhu)要(yao)還是(shi)以(yi)直燃(ran)方式(shi)取暖供熱為(wei)主(zhu)，不僅(jin)熱轉化(hua)效率低下(xia)(xia)（能(neng)(neng)源利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)率僅(jin)15%左(zuo)右），而(er)且嚴重污染環(huan)境(jing)，導致城(cheng)鎮地(di)區(qu)PM2.5 超(chao)標和鄉(xiang)村地(di)區(qu)能(neng)(neng)見度下(xia)(xia)降等(deng)。保定(ding)市方正(zheng)機(ji)(ji)械廠生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)垃(la)圾預(yu)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)（即分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)）成(cheng)套設備(bei)，主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)城(cheng)市多年填埋的(de)(de)非正(zheng)規陳腐生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活垃(la)圾分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)，新鮮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活垃(la)圾集(ji)中地(di)的(de)(de)垃(la)圾分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)。垃(la)圾分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設備(bei)可(ke)將(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活垃(la)圾分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)成(cheng)可(ke)燃(ran)物(wu)(wu)、有(you)機(ji)(ji)土、再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)(wu)及(ji)石(shi)塊等(deng)四大部分(fen)(fen)。在不上深度處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)燃(ran)物(wu)(wu)焚燒、20m/m以(yi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)(ji)土用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)園(yuan)林綠化(hua)、可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)(wu)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)（如廢(fei)塑料用(yong)(yong)(yong)來做(zuo)二級塑料）、石(shi)塊用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)建材等(deng)簡易(yi)方法處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，可(ke)使(shi)垃(la)圾實現減(jian)量(liang)化(hua)、資源化(hua)、無(wu)害化(hua)及(ji)讓處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)后的(de)(de)垃(la)圾坑(keng)的(de)(de)土地(di)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)城(cheng)建或一(yi)坑(keng)重復埋垃(la)圾的(de)(de)目標。保定(ding)方正(zheng)垃(la)圾分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)分(fen)(fen)類處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設備(bei)是(shi)從垃(la)圾綜合(he)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)首(shou)先必(bi)須(xu)進行分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)的(de)(de)要(yao)求出發(fa)研發(fa)的(de)(de)，它包(bao)括破(po)碎、分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)、傳輸(shu)、打包(bao)四個部分(fen)(fen)，全(quan)部由該(gai)廠生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產。

高(gao)值綜合(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秸(jie)稈(gan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，已是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我國(guo)現(xian)(xian)階段(duan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)結構(gou)(gou)調整和(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)村經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)一項重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大課題。植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)成分是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纖維素，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)世界(jie)上可(ke)(ke)預(yu)測的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)為人類提供物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。每年產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)總量約2.9×1021 焦耳的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)才將近7%。如何實(shi)現(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)值化(hua)(hua)綜合(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)賦予相關領域科技(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)者的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大歷史使(shi)(shi)命，時不(bu)我待(dai)，機遇(yu)與(yu)挑(tiao)戰并存。事實(shi)上，農(nong)(nong)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廢(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)（農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)秸(jie)稈(gan)、林(lin)(lin)木(mu)加工(gong)邊角料(liao)(liao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)），是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（固體燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)、燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)乙(yi)醇、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)丁(ding)醇、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柴(chai)油、燃(ran)(ran)油、厭(yan)氧消化(hua)(hua)沼氣(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)熱解(jie)氣(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)）、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)基(ji)材料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)功能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)學品等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)寶貴資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。若基(ji)于擬構(gou)(gou)建的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綜合(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)創新平臺和(he)(he)(he)(he)連續多口閃(shan)(shan)爆(bao)為的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術支撐體系(xi)，將寶貴的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)、低成本(ben)和(he)(he)(he)(he)大宗量轉化(hua)(hua)為高(gao)附加值產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品（紙(zhi)漿、木(mu)塑板、飼料(liao)(liao)、燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)、功能(neng)(neng)保健食品等(deng)(deng)(deng)），將不(bu)失為一種(zhong)現(xian)(xian)時代穩定(ding)基(ji)礎農(nong)(nong)業(ye)地位、妥(tuo)善解(jie)決三農(nong)(nong)問題、帶(dai)動相關產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、拉(la)動地方(fang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)、改善村鎮(zhen)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)、促進社(she)會主義新農(nong)(nong)村建設、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)循環經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)打(da)造綠色生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈的(de)(de)(de)新舉(ju)措。作(zuo)為當前(qian)農(nong)(nong)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廢(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)預(yu)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)可(ke)(ke)行手段(duan)，汽（氣(qi)）體閃(shan)(shan)爆(bao)技(ji)術顯現(xian)(xian)出高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)、快速和(he)(he)(he)(he)適于規模化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)到(dao)優勢。利(li)用(yong)(yong)取之(zhi)不(bu)盡、用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)不(bu)竭的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)林(lin)(lin)廢(fei)棄生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)油化(hua)(hua)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綠色化(hua)(hua)學的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)研(yan)究方(fang)向，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)油煉(lian)制和(he)(he)(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)業(ye)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)必(bi)由之(zhi)路。繼醫藥生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)技(ji)術、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)技(ji)術之(zhi)后，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)技(ji)術產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)(xian)已進入工(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)技(ji)術階段(duan)，其核心部(bu)分就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)煉(lian)制，即用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)各(ge)種(zhong)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)材料(liao)(liao)，各(ge)國(guo)對(dui)此(ci)技(ji)術領域發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)十分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，也(ye)能(neng)(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出上千種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品，且因其主成分為碳水(shui)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)及(ji)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)過程中與(yu)環境(jing)(jing)友好，又(you)勝化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)*。另外，它(ta)以作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)秸(jie)稈(gan)、畜禽糞便、林(lin)(lin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)廢(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、有(you)機垃圾等(deng)(deng)(deng)農(nong)(nong)林(lin)(lin)廢(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)環境(jing)(jing)污染物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為原料(liao)(liao)，使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)無害化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)，將植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蓄存的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)能(neng)(neng)與(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)深度(du)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)循環利(li)用(yong)(yong)，堪稱循環經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)之(zhi)*。

生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)轉化(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong)已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)重大熱門課題之一，正受到世(shi)界各國與科學(xue)家的(de)(de)(de)廣泛關注(zhu)。開發(fa)(fa)計劃署（UNDP）、世(shi)界能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)委員(yuan)會（WEC）和美國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)部（DOE）都把生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)當作(zuo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)選擇。現代生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)業是(shi)利(li)(li)用(yong)農作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、樹木(mu)和其(qi)他(ta)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)及其(qi)殘體、畜禽糞便(bian)、有機廢棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或循環的(de)(de)(de)有機物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)，通過(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業性加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)轉化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)品、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)燃料(liao)(liao)(liao)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)以(yi)及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)基功能(neng)(neng)(neng)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)一個格外引人關注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)新興產(chan)業。盡管生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)將使(shi)人類不(bu)再(zai)過(guo)(guo)分依賴(lai)化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，2013年以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)“糖經濟(ji)”尚(shang)缺乏與石油天然氣為(wei)(wei)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)“烴經濟(ji)”競(jing)爭的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)力(li)。雖然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)成本(ben)低，但(dan)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)轉化(hua)(hua)成本(ben)高，只有實(shi)現技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)上的(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)形(xing)成完整的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程體系(xi)。目前我國已(yi)經是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)大國，然而這些產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)經濟(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)標卻(que)較為(wei)(wei)落(luo)后，需(xu)要(yao)通過(guo)(guo)努力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)成為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)強國。美國戰略(lve)經濟(ji)分析(xi)家里夫金博士在(zai)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)世(shi)紀(ji)》里指(zhi)(zhi)出，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)世(shi)紀(ji)也可能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)中國人的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)紀(ji)，希望中國在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)世(shi)紀(ji)發(fa)(fa)揮重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。專家認為(wei)(wei)，我國有條件進行生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)規模工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)和產(chan)業化(hua)(hua)，可以(yi)在(zai)2020 年形(xing)成產(chan)值規模達(da)萬(wan)億元，在(zai)“石油枯竭拐點”來臨之際(ji)形(xing)成部分替(ti)代能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。